Consider this: As the price of gasoline drops, people drive more miles. What type of correlation does this describe?

Which of the following titles of research projects would have the most ecological validity?

a. "Planning strategies used in grocery-store shopping" b. "Recall for nonsense words after varying delay periods" c. "Children's ability to perform abstract reasoning tasks" d. "Perception of the loudness of isolated computer-generated tones"

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of

a. instrumental learning b. observational learning c. classical conditioning d. habituation e. counterconditioning