Suppose a plaintiff hires a lawyer to represent her in a court case. She agrees to pay the lawyer a wage per hour. She knows precisely what the lawyer should do and how long each activity should take, and she can verify that the lawyer has correctly completed each activity. She can terminate the contract at any time. With this contract,

A) the lawyer bears all the risk.
B) the risk is shared by the lawyer and the plaintiff.
C) production efficiency can be achieved.
D) production efficiency is impossible.

C

Economics

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What is the "reverse causality" problem in determining cause and effect?

A) It is a problem that occurs when one concludes that a change in variable X caused a change in variable Y when in actual fact, it is a change in variable Z that caused a change in variable Y. B) It is a problem that occurs when one observes that a change in variable X caused a change in variable Y which caused a change in variable Z and concludes that a change in variable X caused a change in variable Z. C) It is a problem that occurs when one concludes that a change in variable X caused a change in variable Y when in actual fact, it is a change in variable Y that caused a change in variable X. D) It is a problem that arises when two variables are inter-connected so that a change in variable X causes a change in variable Y, and a change in variable Y causes a change in variable X.

Economics

In 2018, China held over $3 trillion in foreign reserves. Over 40 percent of China's reserves were in the form of U.S. Treasuries. This is an example of:

A. a crowding out effect. B. the real debt. C. internationalizing the U.S. debt. D. policy conversion.

Economics