Before inspiration and actuation of a metered dose inhaler, the patient should exhale to which of the following?

Your patient was injured when his airbag deployed during a head-on collision. He complains of acute pain when breathing and has trouble catching his breath. Your physical exam reveals a flail segment on the left side of his chest. You recognize that a flail segment can be a life threat because:

A) it can greatly decrease his tidal volume. B) he has an open chest injury. C) he likely has an accompanying head injury. D) this increases his chances of infection.

Which is an indicator of a difficult airway?

a. A mobile cervical spine b. Long neck c. Enlarged tongue d. Enlarged nares