Chandra believes that her astrological sign, Libra, provides a guide for her daily and weekly actions
She reads her horoscope every morning without fail, and even has an astrology application on her cell phone that regularly gives her "advice" on what to do as the day goes on. She tells her friends that the advice is always right, and the only time it makes a mistake is when she fails to do as it says. When they say it doesn't work for them, she says, "That is because you don't really believe in astrology!" Because Chandra's beliefs are not truly open to being tested, they would be an example of a(n) _____ claim.
A) metaphysical
Correct. Metaphysical claims are those that are not directly testable and, by extension, not disprovable.
B) psychophysiological
C) religious
D) "Occam's"
Incorrect. This answer confuses metaphysics with the philosophical precept of Occam's Razor. The latter suggests that the simplest explanation for an event is usually the correct explanation.
Answer: A
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What is one major reason that many studies have failed to demonstrate consistency of behavior related to traits across situations?
a) Researchers continue to have difficulty measuring traits. b) There is little consistency between traits and behaviors. c) Researchers are biased against the notion of consistency. d) Researchers typically have looked at a single behavior in a single situation.
Approaches to the study of cognitive development that focus on how brain processes are related to cognitive activity are called
a. information-processing approaches. c. contextual approaches. b. cognitive neuroscience approaches. d. minimalist approaches.