Which of the following statements can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B?
a. The observed association may be coincidental
b. There may be a third variable that is responsible for causing both events.
c. Causality may run from Event B to Event A instead of in the opposite direction.
d. All of the above can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B.
d
Economics
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A major reason for creating the European Monetary System was to
A) create a single currency. B) unify banking laws and permit cross-border investment. C) avoid competitive devaluations. D) reduce the costs of changing currencies. E) eliminate the need for central banks.
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Public goods have two distinct features: nonexclusiveness and nonrivalry
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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