________________ is the search for evidence that only supports a preexisting belief, whereas ______________ involves accepting preexisting evidence, only if it confirms a belief
A) Confirmation bias; belief perseverance
B) Belief perseverance; confirmation bias
C) The availability heuristic; the representativeness heuristic
D) The representativeness heuristic; the availability heuristic
Answer: A
Rationale: Belief perseverance occurs when an individual believes he or she has the solution to the problem or the correct answer for a question, and accepts only evidence that will confirm those beliefs. Confirmation bias occurs when an individual searches for only evidence that will confirm his or her beliefs instead of evidence that might disconfirm them. This differs from belief perseverance in that confirmation bias is the search for a particular type of evidence, not a way of evaluating evidence that already exists.
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Suppose you are studying for an upcoming test in your psychology class. According to Julian Rotter, the amount of effort you will put into your studies will be determined
a. just by your expectation that you will get a good grade. b. just by your interpretation of how important it is to get a good grade. c. both by your expectation that you will get a good grade and the personal value of getting a good grade. d. by a combination of learned and instinctive behaviors.
Most developmentalists today believe that gender differences are __________ Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) suggested
a. significantly less extensive than c. as extensive as b. slightly less extensive than d. more extensive than