Four-year-old Mark eagerly bit into a lemon wedge. In response to the lemon's sour taste, he said, "Yuck!" Mark never bit into another lemon wedge. Skinner would say that the lemon's taste functioned as a ________________ for Mark's lemon-eating behavior.

Thoughts about whether one has performed some action, such as locking the door or about committing immoral acts, are common examples of

a. obsessions. b. phobias. c. compulsions. d. fantasies.

A child speaks a low prestige heritage language at home and receives schooling an a second, high prestige language. The child has many friends in school and desires to become an integrated member of the larger community. Which of the following is TRUE about this child?

A. the child is at risk of losing her first language in a process of attrition B. the child will likely become a very balanced bilingual C. the child will always be at a disadvantage speaking the community language D. all of these statements are true of this child