Which of the following is true of "ON" and OFF" retinal cells?
a. ON cells decrease their firing rate to a light placed onto the center of the field.
b. OFF cells increase their firing rate to a light placed onto the center of the field.
c. Rod bipolar cells are of the ON type.
d. Rod bipolar cells are of the OFF type.
e. ON cells help to detect a dark spot against a light background.
Answer: c. Rod bipolar cells are of the ON type.
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The ABAB design
a. is an example of a single-case design with alternating treatment and no-treatment phases. b. involves measuring participants on two separate variables of interest. c. has been recognized as the most externally valid form of clinical research. d. none of the above