Virginia's therapist notes that Virginia jumps from one topic to another and her replies are only tangentially related to the therapist's questions. This describes which symptom of schizophrenia?

Every time Luis gives his dog a treat, he shakes the box of treats first. His dog now reacts excitedly to the sound of the box of treats being shaken, even before Luis takes out a treat. In this situation, the treat is the

a) unconditioned response. b) conditioned response. c) unconditioned stimulus. d) conditioned stimulus.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between hormones and emotions?

The normal progression of the HPA axis is the primary controller of emotions in adolescents, but the axis becomes inactive in adults. While the HPG axis is hyperactive in early adolescence, it comes under mental control as the adolescent matures. The relationship is reciprocal—that means that sometimes hormones trigger emotions, but emotions can trigger the release of hormones as well. Emotions are mostly a result of social and cultural learning. These learned emotions, in turn, trigger the release of hormones