A majority of House members probably would have preferred to censure rather than impeach Bill Clinton in 1998, but the Republican House leaders refused to allow a vote on censure, leaving a vote for impeachment as the only alternative to letting the president off completely. This delegation to party leaders is a function of trying to avoid ______.

The Federal Communications Act was passed because ______.

a. government regulation was needed to manage competition for scarce airwaves b. the partisan ownership of most stations required that more stations be established to serve the public interest c. Congress felt a need to bring truth to the broadcast industry, given its propensity to run so many slanderous programs d. initially the broadcast content of many radio stations was controversial e. Congress wanted to ensure unbiased news coverage

Negative advertising ______.

A. is strictly an act of desperation and typically signifies that the candidate using these ads is far behind in the polls B. lacks any informational content, so it attracts only the least well-informed voter C. is used only by challengers because presidents do not want to be seen as lowering themselves to such tactics D. registers more quickly and is remembered longer than information from positive advertisements