Which of the following is based on three measures: life expectancy at birth, educational attainment, and average incomes based on PPP estimates?
A. Human Development Index
B. Gross National Income
C. Gross Domestic Product
D. Cost of Living Index
E. Cash Reserve Ratio
A
The Human Development Index (HDI) is based on three measures: life expectancy at birth (a function of health care); educational attainment (measured by a combination of the adult literacy rate and enrollment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education); and whether average incomes, based on PPP estimates, are sufficient to meet the basic needs of life in a country (adequate food, shelter, and health care).
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Which of the following observations best explains why the control function is important?
A) An effective control system includes employee empowerment. B) An effective control system assures that the organization will meet or exceed its goals. C) An effective control system is the only way managers know whether organizational goals are being met. D) Organizational strategies are formed during the controlling stage.