Which of the following are avenues for performing value chain activities at a lower cost?
a. conducting essential value activities more cost-effectively than rivals
b. increasing costs across the value chain so that they are more than competitors' costs
c. avoiding both outsourcing and vertical integration
d. changing the value chain to streamline the process
Answer:
a. conducting essential value activities more cost-effectively than rivals
d. changing the value chain to streamline the process
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