The Treaty of Westphalia did which of the following?
A. codified the notion that each nation could declare itself sovereign and establish self-governance
B. granted kings independence from lords and the ability to centralize power
C. placed the principle of sovereignty at the heart of states’ interactions with one another
D. sparked the beginning of the Thirty Years War (1618–1648).
C. placed the principle of sovereignty at the heart of states’ interactions with one another
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The ability to make sizable and strategically placed campaign contributions helps interest groups ______.
a. purchase a foothold with members of the minority party in Congress, who will favor those interest groups when they rise to the majority party b. purchase the votes of all representatives or senators who are on the fence about a particular issue c. flex their political muscles to their competing interest groups d. buy access to representatives, senators, the White House, and their staffs e. take advantage of the tax benefits enjoyed through political rather than corporate spending
In the period from the end of World War I to 1969, the rise of the threat of Russia and international communism resulted in
A. a pronouncement by the Supreme Court that the people, through their representatives in Congress, had the sole power to judge the limits of free speech, and could expand or contract those limits as they saw fit. B. expanded protections for freedom of speech and other civil rights, in an attempt to emphasize the value of American liberties. C. increased limitations on the freedom of speech, making it possible to ban speech simply for having the tendency to encourage evil deeds. D. expanded protections for political speech, though standards for defining material as obscene remained low. E. a pronouncement by the Supreme Court that freedom of speech was inviolate and could not be curtailed even if it was malicious and false.