Learning theorists view oppositional defiant disorder as arising from ______
a. excessive use of punishment c. inappropriate reinforcement strategies
b. use of aversive conditioning d. the use of unconditional positive regard
C
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Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes
A) the interconnectedness of the influences of development. B) daily reinforcements one receives in the environment. C) cognitive neuroscience processes. D) how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions.
Which of the following is true about the stability of IQ scores over time?
a. IQ scores rarely change from age 10 through adulthood. b. The IQ scores of most individuals with mental retardation do not change from age 10 through adulthood. c. The IQ scores of most individuals with moderate, severe or profound mental retardation do not change from age 10 through adulthood. d. The IQ scores of most individuals with mild mental retardation do not change from age 10 through adulthood. e. Intelligence is relatively stable, but it is not fixed.