Which of the following are predisposing factors to aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and/or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract?
1. General anesthesia
2. Head trauma
3. Seizure disorder
4. Alcohol abuse
a. 1, 2
b. 1, 3, 4
c. 1, 2, 3
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
D
General anesthesia, head trauma, seizure disorders, and alcohol abuse are among the factors that can predispose a patient to aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and/or gastric contents into the lower airway.
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