Which item format can best be factor analyzed to find which ones group together?

Elizabeth was given a $1000 raise after her last performance evaluation. Her raise is a:

a. primary reinforcer. b. punisher. c. negative reinforcer. d. secondary reinforcer.

Ting-Toomey, Oetzel, and Yee-Jung (2001) suggest that individual scores on separate individualist and collectivist scales can be combined to create four _________ or descriptions of how we perceive the self

a. ideas b. identities c. self-esteem d. self-construals