Robert likes to keep to himself and does not like to make new friends. Robert also has irrational fears of crying in front of others. Robert displays symptoms of _______ personality disorder.

A researcher uses a questionnaire that contains items, such as, "Most of the time, I am

outgoing", or "Generally speaking, I am an unhappy person". What does this researcher seem to be measuring? A) mental health B) personality traits C) personality functioning in different contexts D) personality stages

Object relations theories

a. consider the formation of psychic bonds to be a fundamental function of the id. b. emphasize that one's pattern of relating to others is formed during adolescence. c. assume that similar patterns of relating to others continue to occur throughout life. d. have no connection to Freud's concept of ego cathexis.