Which event outside the West contributed to creating an opening for the West to move to the core of a global maritime trade network?

a. Ming reversal of treasure ship voyages in 1433
b. Fall of the Byzantine Empire after the Ottoman sacking of Constantinople in 1453
c. Mongol devastation of Abbasid power in 1253
d. Collapse of Mongol power in the mid-fifteenth century
e. all of the above

Answer: e. all of the above