Some of the original work using the shadowing task was performed by __________

Joan is eating lunch, and she says to Brad, "Can you pass the salt?" Brad replies "Yes, I can"; however, he doesn't actually pass the salt. What kind of miscommunication does this brief conversation suggest?

a. a slip-of-the-tongue b. a syntactic error c. a pragmatic problem d. the linearization problem

In most people, the __________ is specialized for withdrawal or escape

a. somatic nervous system b. right prefrontal cortex c. left prefrontal cortex d. reticular activating system