Dr. Gordon finds that heroin-addicted adults almost always smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol when they were young adolescents. Knowing this strong association we can conclude that
a. cigarette smoking causes drinking, which causes heroin addiction.
b. if cigarette smoking and drinking could be stopped in adolescence, heroin addiction would be stopped too.
c. heroin addiction is caused by the same factors that cause early smoking and drinking.
d. there is an association among the variables, but no causal inferences should be drawn.
d. there is an association among the variables, but no causal inferences should be drawn.
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Dr. Jurgens is recommending a drug treatment along with psychotherapy to treat Pete's severe depression. Dr. Jurgens is operating from which perspective?
a) psychodynamic b) humanistic c) biopsychosocial d) biological
A recent study conducted by Professor Brightman found that as the number of behavioral
infractions committed by a child in the classroom rose, their grades fell. This is an example of a a. positive correlation. b. negative correlation. c. zero correlation. d. cause and effect relationship.