Every test aims to measure an underlying concept, which derives from a theory. If it does, it is said to have _____________ validity

Your textbook compares prospective memory in younger adults and older adults. The research typically shows that elderly adults

a. make fewer prospective-memory errors, probably because they have developed effective strategies for remembering to do things in the future. b. make fewer prospective-memory errors, probably because retired adults do not need to remember so many work-related responsibilities. c. make more prospective-memory errors, probably because this kind of memory task is mostly based on working memory, and elderly people often have trouble with working memory. d. make more prospective-memory errors, probably because this kind of task is mostly based on implicit memory, and elderly people often have trouble with implicit memory.

What happens that determines the sex of the offspring?

a. The eggs or ovum contain the X chromosome and the sperm cells carry either the X or the Y. The sperm cell that is involved in fertilization determines the sex of the offspring. b. The sperm cells all carry the X chromosome. The ovum contains both the X and Y, so it is the ovum that determines the sex of the offspring. c. The ovum and sperm cells both carry X chromosomes. The placenta carries both the X and Y and it determines the sex of the offspring. d. The ovum and the sperm cells both contain the X chromosome. During the course of fertilization either an X or a Y will be created, which determines the sex of the offspring.