An organization's functional strategies are the goal-directed plans and actions of the organization's functional areas

Which of the following is a criticism of the classical approaches to management as a whole?

A. The relationship between an organization and its external environment is ignored. B. Most managers are not trained to use these techniques. C. Many aspects of a management decision cannot be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas. D. Many of the decisions managers face are nonroutine and unpredictable. E. There is only “one best way” to manage and organize because circumstances vary.

The ________ process consists of analyzing marketing opportunities, selecting target markets, designing marketing strategies, developing marketing programs, and managing the marketing effort

A) marketing planning B) strategic planning C) market research D) opportunity analysis E) operational management