Which of the following illustrates a president using unilateral action to exert influence over the federal bureaucracy?
A) Jimmy Carter's creation of the OIRA through the Paperwork Reduction Act
B)Ronald Reagan's Executive Order 12291 that effectively coopted OIRA
C) Richard Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution passed by Congress
D) John F. Kennedy's National Security Action Memo on sugar quotas in Latin America
B
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The concept of pluralism rests on the premise that
a. modern society consists of many groups that share economic, religious, ethnic, and cultural interests. b. government should be responsive to the will of the majority as expressed through free elections. c. government is always responsive to organized interest groups. d. most people belong to interest groups. e. responsibilities for participation and representation are best met by elected representatives.
Foreign policy decisions generally are less contentious in countries with a parliamentary form of government because
a. they are more democratic than countries with a presidential form of government. b. the parliamentary majority chooses the prime minister, so the leader is from the majority party. c. parliaments have greater power than the prime minister. d. presidential forms of government often are contentious by nature.