Sarah has just received her driver's license and is now ready to drive to school. Although she's never driven to her school before, Sarah knows the way. The fact that Sarah can drive herself to school suggests that _________ has occurred
A) latent learning
B) classical conditioning
C) operant conditioning
D) classical and operant conditioning
Answer: A
Rationale: Psychologist Edward Tolman proposed that humans, and even rats, express latent learning—learning that is not immediately expressed by a response until the organism is reinforced for doing so. In this example, Sarah's knowledge of how to get to school remains hidden until she is allowed to drive. This is similar to Tolman's experiment where rats learned the layout of a maze without reinforcement, but this learning was hidden until the rats were reinforced to navigate the maze.
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