The habitual or compulsive use of a drug that is accompanied by signs of physiological

In a research study, a psychiatrist gives depressed patients a particular drug and observes that their symptoms diminish. He concludes that the drug caused the reduction in symptoms. This experiment is flawed because it lacks ______

a. an independent variable b. a dependent variable c. a control group d. an explanation for why the drug worked

Over middle childhood, Neveah, an African American, became increasingly conscious of ethnic stereotypes. By early adolescence, she stopped caring about her grades and said that school was not important to her. Neveah's attitude is an example of

A) self-fulfilling prophecy. B) educational bias. C) motivational anxiety. D) disengagement.