Regarding how emotions are expressed in other cultures, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Some facial expressions are shaped by learning and may be found only in specific cultures, while others like the smile appear to be universal.
b. Expressing anger in public is universally expected and accepted in all cultures.
c. The facial expression of sticking out one's tongue is interpreted as an insult in every country.
d. In America, positive feelings are most often linked with membership in a group.
ANSWER: a
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Dr. Heyman is currently conducting a study examining the racial biases of African students who spend time studying in China. She tests them when they first arrive in China, again after a year, and again after another year using the same measure of racial bias. Her goal is to see whether these biases change over time in this context. This study is most clearly an example of ___________.
a. a clinical interview b. a translational research design c. a cross-sectional design d. a longitudinal design
Which of the following characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?
awareness of other people social skills stranger anxiety embarrassment