Interpreting and trying to make sense of the message is called __________

When using the constant-growth dividend valuation model, which of the following will lower the value of the stock?

A) an increase in the required rate of return B) a decrease in the required rate of return C) an increase in the dividend payout ratio D) an increase in the growth rate of the dividends

Which of the following best describes the effect that new information technology has on society?

A) It has a dampening effect on the discourse of business ethics. B) It has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues. C) It is beneficial for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers. D) It has a waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues. E) It has a magnifying effect, creating increasing numbers of ethical issues.