For Adler, it was important that first memories were

Racially, Jin is Asian. The part of him that is composed of speaking Mandarin, being Buddhist, and celebrating the Chinese New Year is _________

a. also his race b. his ethnicity. c. his socioeconomic status. d. his gender.

Between-subjects designs in which participants are assigned to treatment conditions by means other than randomization are referred to as

a. cross-lagged designs. b. longitudinal designs. c. nonequivalent-groups designs. d. single-case experimental designs.