Discuss the contention that it is often impossible to distinguish normative statements from empirical observations about politics.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. While it is often true that it is difficult to distinguish normative statements from empirical observations in politics, ultimately it might not matter as "enhancing what we know about politics and what we value should make us more effective in knowing how to behave politically-as voters, political activists, and political decision makers."
2. In other words, "even those who use the scientific method to study politics do not assume it can provide a compelling answer to every important normative question. However, if it does provide more reliable knowledge, then it enhances our capacity to reason about the questions of what should be done."
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following statements best describes the president's influence over agency budgets?
a. The president has final say over the budgets of independent agencies, but has no control of department budgets. b. The president has sole authority to determine executive administrative budgets. c. The president has no authority in the budgeting process. d. The president influences the initial budget proposal, but depends on Congress for appropriations of federal money.