________ is a procedure for identifying active hosts on a network, either to attack them or as a network security assessment.

Visual C# programs are created using Microsoft’s Visual Studio—a collection of software tools called a(n) ________.

a) operating system b) Integrated Programming Environment c) Integrated Development Environment d) Class Library.

?Last week Jake and Gina used their computer programming skills to illegally gain access to a local veterinary clinic's customer database. They stole the customers' names, addresses, and credit card numbers, and they're now using this information to purchase things from the Internet. Jake and Gina are _________.

A. ?end users B. ?cyberterrorists C. ?cybercriminals D. ?all of these