Compare and contrast the major perspectives of child development
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer will include the following key points:
• Psychodynamic perspective
• This perspective emphasizes motivational conflicts and unconscious determinants of behavior.
• Behavioral perspective
• This perspective emphasizes observable behavior and the influence of outside stimuli in the environment.
• Cognitive perspective
• The cognitive perspective focuses on the processes of knowing, understanding, and thinking.
• Contextual perspective
• This perspective considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, social, and physical worlds.
• Evolutionary perspective
• This perspective seeks to identify behavior that is the result of genetic inheritance from ancestors.
• In contrasting the perspectives, the students should consider the unique aspects of each perspective and how those characteristics differ.
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Alex is 6 years old and excited about starting kindergarten. According to ecological systems theory, his ______________ has expanded to include not only his parents and siblings but also his new teachers and friends
A) microsystem B) mesosystem C) exosystem D) macrosystem
While "playing" with a lighted candle, a child burned her finger. The candle flame, thus, becomes a conditioned fear stimulus with the child also developing a healthy fear of other flames, such as those from matches, lighters, fireplaces, and stoves. This fear of other flames developed because of
a. stimulus generalization. b. a spontaneous recovery. c. higher-order discrimination. d. vicarious conditioning.