What are the three variables that influence reinforcement?
What will be an ideal response?
1. Delay: the longer the delay between the response and the reinforcement, the lower the responding.
2. Reward magnitude: the greater the reward magnitude, the faster the animals learn the response.
3. Past experience: positive and negative contrast effects. Past low levels of reinforcement increase the influence of a new high reward. Past high levels of reinforcement decrease the influence of a new low reward.
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Francisco cannot hold a job and has experienced a long series of intense, but unstable relationships. He is impulsive, has an unstable self-image and seems to have a difficult time controlling his temper. What personality disorder does Francisco likely have
A. borderline personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. antisocial personality disorder D. dependent personality disorder
Social support networks may buffer a person against the adverse effects of stress
by (a) getting the person to appraise a given event as less negative (b) suggesting solutions to the problems that arise from the stress producing event (c) facilitating stress-reducing activities (d) giving the person someone to talk to (e) all of the above