Macroeconomic models use abstract concepts such as "price level" and "national income" that are calculated by combining many markets into one. This process is known as

Consider the monopolist depicted in the figure above. The profit maximizing level of output for a single-price monopolist is

A) 7. B) 11. C) 13. D) 22.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that interest rates remained low despite high budget deficits following the financial crisis?

A) increased demand for U.S. government bonds B) the perceived riskiness of alternative investments such as stocks C) low interest rates on CDs and similar short-term assets D) increases in expected inflation