Ryan and his friend Kari see each other and begin to have a conversation. Ryan notices that Kari is crying. Ryan asks, "What is wrong?" Kari replies, "Nothing." Knowing that Kari wouldn't just cry to cry, Ryan becomes concerned. What level of meaning was Ryan's question directed toward?

Which of the following is a physiological distraction a listener may face?

A) noise outside B) worrying about children C) someone tapping their fingers D) hunger pains

Sometimes people try to persuade others not to use a cell phone while driving by telling them that many auto accidents can be tied back to cell phone use. What kind of reasoning is this?

a. criteria to application b. cause to effect c. effect to cause d. reasoning from symptoms