If producers believe that the increase in their relative prices is large relative to the increase in the general price level, then the slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve will be

Your friend notices that U.S. auto production and U.S. population growth have moved together over several decades. He reasons that one way to slow population growth is for the government to order the auto makers to cut back on production. You gently point out to him that he

a. is correct only when the economy is in a recession b. has mistakenly inferred causation from observed correlation c. has ignored secondary effects d. has committed the fallacy of composition e. is correct only when the United States enjoys economic growth

Perfectly competitive firms are price takers because

a. all small firms must take the price set by the largest firm in the market b. firms take the price that government determines is a "fair" price c. each firm is small and goods are perfect substitutes for one another d. free entry and exit in the short run creates a constant market price in the long run e. high barriers to entry force firms to compete by charging lower prices than other firms in the industry