Farris et al. conducted a study to determine if men and women were equal in their ability to judge women's nonverbal cues. In this example, what was the IV?

Although cities are required by law to balance their operating budgets, many municipal construction projects are financed by loans through the issuance of __________

a. referendabonds b. limited agendabonds c. generalobligationbonds d. countybondsofindebtedness

Which of the following is NOT a bias that commonly exits in nonequivalentcomparison group designs?

a. selection bias b. selection-attrition bias c. selection-regression bias d. testing bias