The efforts of the labor movement resulted in the federal government recognizing the right to form __________

“All good students get high grades.” Is this statement scientific if “good” is defined in terms of a student’s grade?

A. Yes B. No

Because government corruption is difficult to measure directly, a student used citizen perceptions of corruption as reported in a survey as a variable, even though it is not an ideal measure. Perceptions of corruption in this case is an example of

a. A proxy measure b. An omitted variable c. A control variable d. An unmeasured variable