Research on University of Toronto students conducted by Martin Zack and colleagues (2006 ) examined the effects of mood on beer drinking. Participants were exposed to negative, positive, or neutral words, which induced varying mood states

The findings indicated that exposure to a negative mood state resulted in drinking more beer. The dependent variable is:

a) Group assignment (i.e., negative, positive, neutral)
b) Baseline mood state
c) Self-reported mood state
d) Amount of beer consumed

d