________ are small data files that are created by websites in order to remember users and their preferences the next time they visit the site.

_______ is a high-speed, digital, always-on, Internet access technology that runs over standard phone lines.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Some operating systems are __________; in other words, they are based on published code that can be modified and improved by anyone.

a. proprietary b. standardized c. transparent d. open source