What did Jim Crow laws mandate?

How have Super PACs affected the dynamics of American elections?

A)They have reduced the number negative advertisements aired. B)They have made individual donations to candidates irrelevant. C)They have affected the timing of when campaign ads are run. D)They have eliminated the need for backing by the major political party.

Which of the following statements about federalism is accurate?

a. In a federal system neither of the levels of government has any ability to affect the other one. b. In a federal system neither level of government completely controls the other and as such each has significant room for independent action. c. In a federal system the national government is completely autonomous while the state governments have limited autonomy. d. In a federal system the national government is completely subordinated to the political interests and economic needs of the states.