When people attribute guilt to victims, they are manifesting

What is the first stage in the FDA's guidelines for the testing and marketing of a drug?

a. animal trials b. experimental studies with healthy volunteers c. experimental studies with clinical patients d. belief that a particular compound has clinical value e. none of these

A doctor diagnoses Javier with an infection and prescribes a medication to treat it. Among factors contributing to a placebo response, which of the following is more indicative of expectancy than of conditioning?

A) ?Javier has read that this medication eradicates the infection 100% of the time. B) ?Javier has had same medication before and recovered from a similar infection. C) ?Javier has had good medical experiences and associates treatment with success. D) ?Javier has learned that taking prescribed medication is better than not taking it.