The half of voters needed to elect a leader into political office is called the ______.

In what two ways do criminal organizations respond to capacity gaps and functional holes, according to Williams?

a. by either filling them, thus substituting or compensating for the state, or exploiting them b. by either working to expand them, in effect ending the state as a viable entity, or simply exploiting them c. by reducing operations in an attempt to build back up the state, on which it is dependent, or exploiting them d. by using the opportunity to expand into other states, or working to expand them, in effect ending the state as a viable entity. e. by either working to expand them, in effect ending the state as a viable entity, or filling them, thus compensating or substituting for the state

Dictum contained in a judicial opinion is always worthless because it is not specifically concerned with the facts of the case

Indicate whether the statement is true or false