When Chi compared the performance of child chess experts and adult chess novices on a task involving memory for the layout of chess pieces on a chessboard, she found that the children

A) outperformed the adults because the children were very bright and had exceptional memories.
B) performed as well as the adults, suggesting that knowledge can compensate for memory limitations.
C) performed as well as the adults when there were fewer than eight pieces on the chessboard.
D) outperformed the adults because their knowledge base contributed to memory performance.

D