What happens when you define a class that used dynamic memory allocation and define a destructor but no copy constructor?

a. If an object of the class is plugged in for a call-by-value parameter, when the function ends, the parameter's dynamic memory is returned to the freestore at the end of the function execution.
b. When an object that was used as an argument for a call-by-value parameter goes out of scope, it will cause a run-time error.
c. It is possible to modify the values in the argument in the function.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

d. All of the above