Which of the following does not qualify as an automatic stabilizer in the economy?

Suppose all of the banks in the Federal Reserve System have $100 billion in transactions accounts, the required reserve ratio is 0.25, and there are no excess reserves in the system. If the required reserve ratio is changed to 0.20, the total lending capacity of the system is increased by

A. $750 million. B. $25 billion. C. $10 billion. D. $20 billion.

After subtracting all deductions and exemptions from total income, you are left with

A. the tax base. B. marginal income. C. standardized income. D. taxable income.