What instrument signals the beginning and ending of the gongan in Pangkur?

Who is the author of Utopia?

a. Desiderius Erasmus b. Edmund Spenser c. Thomas More d. Philip Sidney

Which statement does not apply to the sequence?

A) an addition of music with text to a pre-existing chant B) it did not precede another chant, but followed it C) appended to the Kyrie as a way of extending through music the joy associated with the word "Hallelujah" D) they are syllabic chants that use the double verse structure