John Kennedy was clearly the favorite over Richard Nixon in the presidential debate that was broadcast in black and white. His look was sharp, tanned, and relaxed, and his suit contrasted with the background. When radio listeners were surveyed about the debate, what was the result?

a. They also gave the debate to Kennedy.
b. They could not contrast the visual presences of the two candidates and they felt that Nixon won the debate.
c. They reported that they could not make a determination about the winner without having seen the candidates.
d. They preferred their medium to television.
e. They reported no difference between the two candidates or mediums.

ANS: B