The process of obtaining the plaintext message from a ciphertext message without knowing the keys used to perform the encryption is known as __________.

A function that calls itself either directly or indirectly (i.e., through another function) is a(n) __________ function.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Which of these is a general term used for describing software that gathers information without the user's consent?

A. scrapeware B. gatherware C. spyware D. adware