When she first started using cocaine, Helena really enjoyed the positive feelings that she got from the highs. After some time of using, however, she found that the "lows" that she experienced when she came off of the drug were too unpleasant to bear, and thus she was now using just to avoid experiencing those unpleasant feelings. Helena's cocaine addiction would best be explained from the ________ .
a. substance induced myopia.
b. the opponent-process theory.
c. amotivational syndrome.
d. an expectancy effect.
Answer: b. the opponent-process theory.
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Suppose that Jessica has a phobic disorder, and she has a fear of snakes. A clinical psychologist gives her the appropriate version of an emotional Stroop task. Jessica would be likely to:
a. respond more quickly to items related to snakes than to other items. b. show an attentional bias, so that she pays less attention to the color of the ink, when the word is related to snakes. c. identify the colors more accurately for items related to snakes. d. ignore the meaning of the word itself, and focus exclusively on the color of the ink.
Right now, you are moving your eyes as you read this question on your exam. The letters that you can see at any given moment—in between eye movements—would be called
a. a fixation. b. the perceptual span. c. a saccadic eye movement. d. the fovea.