What prompted the need for civil service reform in the 19th century?

a. Steep fines and other monetary punishments were being levied on voters for supporting candidates.
b. Both officeholders and voters wanted to replace the merit system with one based on patronage and loyalty.
c. People who had supported the winning presidential candidate were having trouble finding work
d. People wanted postal workers to take a test
e. Jobs were awarded based on patronage, not ability, and many officeholders were profiting from public contracts.

Answer: e. Jobs were awarded based on patronage, not ability, and many officeholders were profiting from public contracts.

Political Science

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